attestation
n . 证明,证据,证言
证明,证据,证言
attestation n 1 :
the action of bearing witness 2 :
the evidence by which something is attested Attestation \
At `
tes *
ta "
tion \,
n . [
L .
attestatio :
cf .
F .
attestation .]
The act of attesting ;
testimony ;
witness ;
a solemn or official declaration ,
verbal or written ,
in support of a fact ;
evidence .
The truth appears from the attestation of witnesses ,
or of the proper officer .
The subscription of a name to a writing as a witness ,
is an attestation .
[
1913 Webster ]
74 Moby Thesaurus words for "
attestation ":
admission ,
affidavit ,
affirmation ,
allegation ,
assertion ,
asseveration ,
attest ,
authentication ,
authority ,
authorization ,
averment ,
avouchment ,
avowal ,
backing ,
backing up ,
bearing out ,
bill of health ,
bolstering ,
buttressing ,
certificate ,
certificate of proficiency ,
certification ,
circumstantiation ,
compurgation ,
confirmation ,
corroboration ,
corroboratory evidence ,
credential ,
declaration ,
deposition ,
diploma ,
disclosure ,
documentation ,
evidence ,
fortification ,
instrument in proof ,
legal evidence ,
navicert ,
notarized statement ,
note ,
profession ,
proof ,
proving ,
proving out ,
ratification ,
reinforcement ,
sheepskin ,
statement ,
statement under oath ,
strengthening ,
substantiation ,
support ,
supporting evidence ,
swearing ,
sworn evidence ,
sworn statement ,
sworn testimony ,
testament ,
testamur ,
testimonial ,
testimonium ,
testimony ,
ticket ,
undergirding ,
validation ,
verification ,
visa ,
vise ,
voucher ,
vouching ,
warrant ,
warranty ,
witness ,
word ATTESTATION ,
contracts and evidence .
The act of witnessing an instrument of writing ,
at the request of the party making the same ,
and subscribing it as a witness .
3 P .
Wms .
254 2 Ves .
454 1 Ves . &
B .
362 ;
3 Marsh .
146 ;
3 Bibb .
494 ;
17 Pick .
373 .
2 .
It will be proper to consider ,
1 .
how it is to be made 2 .
bow it is proved ;
3 .
its effects upon the witness ;
4 .
its effect upon the parties .
3 .-
1 .
The attestation should be made in the case of wills ,
agreeably to the direction of the statute ;
Com .
Dig .
Estates ,
E 1 and in the case of deeds or other writings ,
at the request of the party executing the same .
A person who sees an instrument executed ,
but is not desired by the parties to attest it ,
is not therefore an attesting witness ,
although he afterwards subscribes it as such .
3 Camp .
232 .
See ,
as to the form of attestation ,
2 South .
R .
449 .
4 .-
2 .
The general rule is ,
that an attested instrument must be proved by the attesting witness .
But to this rule there are various exceptions ,
namely :
1 .
If he reside out of the jurisdiction of the court ;
22 Pick .
R .
85 ;
2 .
or is dead ;
3 .
or becomes insane ;
3 Camp .
283 ;
4 .
or has an interest ;
5 T .
R .
371 ;
5 .
or has married the party who offers the instrument ;
2 Esp .
C .
698 6 .
or refuses to testify 4 M . &
S .
353 ;
7 .
or where the witness swears he did not see the writing executed ;
8 .
or becomes infamous ;
Str .
833 ;
9 .
or blind ;
1 Ld .
Raym .
734 .
From these numerous cases ,
and those to be found in the books ,
it would seem that ,
whenever from any cause the attesting witness cannot be had secondary evidence may be given .
But the inability to procure the witness must be absolute ,
and ,
therefore ,
when be is unable to attend from sickness only ,
his evidence cannot be dispensed with .
4 Taunt .
46 .
See 4 Halst .
R .
322 ;
Andr .
236 2 Str .
1096 ;
10 Ves .
174 ;
4 M . &
S .
353 7 Taunt .
251 ;
6 Serg . &
Rawle ,
310 ;
1 Rep .
Const .;
Co .
So .
Ca .
310 ;
5 Cranch ,
13 ;
Com .
Dig .
tit .
Testmoigne ,
Evidence ,
Addenda ;
5 Com .
Dig .
441 ;
4 Yeates ,
79 .
5 .-
3 .
When the witness attests an instrument which conveys away ,
or disposes of his property or rights ,
he is estopped from denying the effects of such instrument ;
but in such case he must have been aware of its contents ,
and this must be proved .
1 Esp .
C .
58 .
6 .-
4 .
Proof of the attestation is evidence of the sealing and delivery .
6 Serg . &
Rawle ,
311 ;
2 East ,
R .
250 ;
1 Bos . &
Pull .
360 ;
7 T .
R .
266 .
See ,
in general ,
Starkie '
s Ev .
part 2 ,
332 ;
1 Phil .
Ev .
419 to 421 ;
12 Wheat .
91 ;
2 Dall .
96 ;
3 Rawle '
s Rep .
312 1 Ves .
Jr .
12 ;
2 Eccl .
Rep .
60 ,
214 ,
289 ,
367 1 Bro .
Civ ,
Law ,
279 ,
286 ;
Gresl .
Eq .
Ev .
119 Bouv .
Inst .
n .
3126 .
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