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backtracking    音标拼音: [b'æktr,ækɪŋ]
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backtracking
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backtracking
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A scheme for solving a series of sub-problems each
of which may have multiple possible solutions and where the
solution chosen for one sub-problem may affect the possible
solutions of later sub-problems.

To solve the overall problem, we find a solution to the first
sub-problem and then attempt to recursively solve the other
sub-problems based on this first solution. If we cannot, or
we want all possible solutions, we backtrack and try the next
possible solution to the first sub-problem and so on.
Backtracking terminates when there are no more solutions to
the first sub-problem.

This is the algorithm used by {logic programming} languages
such as {Prolog} to find all possible ways of proving a
{goal}. An optimisation known as "{intelligent backtracking}"
keeps track of the dependencies between sub-problems and only
re-solves those which depend on an earlier solution which has
changed.

Backtracking is one {algorithm} which can be used to implement
{nondeterminism}. It is effectively a {depth-first search} of
a {problem space}.

(1995-04-13)


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