英文字典中文字典


英文字典中文字典51ZiDian.com



中文字典辞典   英文字典 a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h   i   j   k   l   m   n   o   p   q   r   s   t   u   v   w   x   y   z       







请输入英文单字,中文词皆可:

pascal    音标拼音: [pæsk'æl]
n. 法国哲学家
n. 计算机程序设计语言

法国哲学家计算机程式设计语言

PASCAL
帕司卡(语言);电脑语言;PASCAL语言

pascal
n 1: a unit of pressure equal to one newton per square meter
[synonym: {pascal}, {Pa}]
2: French mathematician and philosopher and Jansenist; invented
an adding machine; contributed (with Fermat) to the theory of
probability (1623-1662) [synonym: {Pascal}, {Blaise Pascal}]
3: a programing language designed to teach programming through a
top-down modular approach

(After the French mathematician {Blaise Pascal}
(1623-1662)) A programming language designed by {Niklaus
Wirth} around 1970. Pascal was designed for simplicity and
for teaching programming, in reaction to the complexity of
{ALGOL 68}. It emphasises {structured programming}
constructs, data structures and {strong typing}. Innovations
included {enumeration types}, {subranges}, sets, {variant
records}, and the {case statement}. Pascal has been extremely
influential in programming language design and has a great
number of variants and descendants.

ANSI/IEEE770X3.97-1993 is very similar to {ISO Pascal} but
does not include {conformant arrays}.

ISO 7185-1983(E). Level 0 and Level 1. Changes from Jensen &
Wirth's Pascal include name equivalence; names must be bound
before they are used; loop index must be local to the
procedure; formal procedure parameters must include their
arguments; {conformant array schemas}.

An ALGOL-descended language designed by Niklaus Wirth on the
CDC 6600 around 1967--68 as an instructional tool for
elementary programming. This language, designed primarily to
keep students from shooting themselves in the foot and thus
extremely restrictive from a general-purpose-programming point
of view, was later promoted as a general-purpose tool and, in
fact, became the ancestor of a large family of languages
including Modula-2 and {Ada} (see also {bondage-and-discipline
language}). The hackish point of view on Pascal was probably
best summed up by a devastating (and, in its deadpan way,
screamingly funny) 1981 paper by Brian Kernighan (of {K&R}
fame) entitled "Why Pascal is Not My Favourite Programming
Language", which was turned down by the technical journals but
circulated widely via photocopies. It was eventually
published in "Comparing and Assessing Programming Languages",
edited by Alan Feuer and Narain Gehani (Prentice-Hall, 1984).
Part of his discussion is worth repeating here, because its
criticisms are still apposite to Pascal itself after ten years
of improvement and could also stand as an indictment of many
other bondage-and-discipline languages. At the end of a
summary of the case against Pascal, Kernighan wrote:

9. There is no escape

This last point is perhaps the most important. The language
is inadequate but circumscribed, because there is no way to
escape its limitations. There are no casts to disable the
type-checking when necessary. There is no way to replace the
defective run-time environment with a sensible one, unless one
controls the compiler that defines the "standard procedures".
The language is closed.

People who use Pascal for serious programming fall into a
fatal trap. Because the language is impotent, it must be
extended. But each group extends Pascal in its own direction,
to make it look like whatever language they really want.
Extensions for {separate compilation}, Fortran-like COMMON,
string data types, internal static variables, initialisation,
{octal} numbers, bit operators, etc., all add to the utility
of the language for one group but destroy its portability to
others.

I feel that it is a mistake to use Pascal for anything much
beyond its original target. In its pure form, Pascal is a toy
language, suitable for teaching but not for real programming.

Pascal has since been almost entirely displaced (by {C}) from
the niches it had acquired in serious applications and systems
programming, but retains some popularity as a hobbyist
language in the {MS-DOS} and {Macintosh} worlds.

See also {Kamin's interpreters}, {p2c}.

["The Programming Language Pascal", N. Wirth, Acta Informatica
1:35-63, 1971].

["PASCAL User Manual and Report", K. Jensen & N. Wirth,
Springer 1975] made significant revisions to the language.

[BS 6192, "Specification for Computer Programming Language
Pascal", {British Standards Institute} 1982].

[{Jargon File}]

(1996-06-12)

Pascal: n. An Algol-descended language designed by Niklaus Wirth on the CDC
6600 around 1967--68 as an instructional tool for elementary programming.
This language, designed primarily to keep students from shooting themselves
in the foot and thus extremely restrictive from a
general-purpose-programming point of view, was later promoted as a
general-purpose tool and, in fact, became the ancestor of a large family of
languages including Modula-2 and Ada (see also
bondage-and-discipline language). The hackish point
of view on Pascal was probably best summed up by a devastating (and, in its
deadpan way, screamingly funny) 1981 paper by Brian Kernighan (of
K&R fame) entitled
Why Pascal is Not My Favorite Programming Language,
which was turned down by the technical journals but circulated widely via
photocopies. It was eventually published in Comparing and
Assessing Programming Languages, edited by Alan Feuer and
Narain Gehani (Prentice-Hall, 1984). Part of his discussion is worth
repeating here, because its criticisms are still apposite to Pascal itself
after many years of improvement and could also stand as an indictment of
many other bondage-and-discipline languages. (The entire essay is
available at http://www.lysator.liu.se/c/bwk-on-pascal.html.)
At the end of a summary of the case against Pascal, Kernighan wrote:Pascal has since been entirely displaced (mainly by
C) from the niches it had acquired in serious
applications and systems programming, and from its role as a teaching
language by Java.


请选择你想看的字典辞典:
单词字典翻译
PASCAL查看 PASCAL 在百度字典中的解释百度英翻中〔查看〕
PASCAL查看 PASCAL 在Google字典中的解释Google英翻中〔查看〕
PASCAL查看 PASCAL 在Yahoo字典中的解释Yahoo英翻中〔查看〕





安装中文字典英文字典查询工具!


中文字典英文字典工具:
选择颜色:
输入中英文单字

































































英文字典中文字典相关资料:


  • Pascal 为什么变得不流行了? - 知乎
    Pascal 语言也奇迹般的流行了两次。就像 Objective-C 一样。可惜的是 Pascal 第二次流行最后也没落了。 第一次流行,Niklaus Wirth 开发 Pascal 语言本来是为了教学使用,谁知道瞬间火了起来,从欧洲火到美洲,让他一卖拷贝的学生变成百万富翁(-_-!)。虽然有语法严谨
  • 同样曾被用于系统级编程语言,Pascal 和 BASIC 为什么失败了? - 知乎
    这也是为什么当时(1970s~1980s) pascal 根本不可能成为系统编程语言的主要原因之一。 有兴趣的话可以参考[1],看看 K R 中的 R 在设计C的时候都有哪些考虑,而 pascal 距离这些还差得远。等到80年代末期 pascal 把这些设计都“借鉴”过来之后,unix c 已经存在很久了。
  • Pascal语言现在用的人多不多,怎么样? - 知乎
    Pascal语言相对来说使用人数不多,它主要在学校教育、科学计算和一些小规模项目的编程方面有所应用。 Pascal语言的优势: 易学易用:Pascal语言的语法简单易懂,容易上手。 良好的结构:Pascal语言强调程序结构,方便代码维护。
  • 最美编程语言Pascal,软件领域的经典学院派语言,成就了Delphi的传奇
    Pascal语言发展到后来,也形成了一些标准,并由Pascal标准委员会所创立和维护了部分版本,但却不包括影响巨大的Borland Pascal。 由于 Turbo Pascal 系列和 Delphi 系列软件功能强大并且广为流行,其使用的 Borland Pascal 和 Delphi Object Pascal 基本上已自成一种标准。
  • 从语言设计的角度来看, Pascal 是一门优秀的语言吗? - 知乎
    利益相关:曾于初高中使用Pascal的OIer,现在已不再使用Pascal。 先说结论:在我心目中,Pascal是一门优秀的语言。但如何评定优秀,是很关键的。一般来说,Pascal语法的易读性很适合新手入门;但考虑到做题、项目开发等因素,这就要看是否有其它更优秀的语言了。
  • 【国际数学】杨辉三角(Pascals triangle)和组合数(Combinations)
    What rows in Pascal's triangle contain only odd numbers? 在解决这个问题之前我们先来看一下 杨辉三角 (Pascal's triangle) 或许从小学起,我们就很熟悉杨辉三角了, 它有一个很显然的规律: 每一行的第一个数和最后一个数都是1。
  • 从语言设计的角度来看, Pascal 是一门优秀的语言吗? - 知乎
    Pascal是我最喜欢的语言,但客观地说,很难评价它是不是足够优秀。 因为和其他主流编程语言相比,Pascal缺乏现代标准,基本上都是厂商自己实现的版本——从Turbo Pascal到Delphi(Object Pascal就更加不标准了,当然实现水平是高的,毕竟是Anders Hejlsberg的手笔)。
  • Steam验证后总是出现会您对 CAPTCHA 的响应似乎无效。请在下方重新验证您不是机器人。怎么办? - 知乎
    知乎,中文互联网高质量的问答社区和创作者聚集的原创内容平台,于 2011 年 1 月正式上线,以「让人们更好的分享知识、经验和见解,找到自己的解答」为品牌使命。知乎凭借认真、专业、友善的社区氛围、独特的产品机制以及结构化和易获得的优质内容,聚集了中文互联网科技、商业、影视
  • Pascal 为什么变得不流行了? - 知乎
    Turbo Pascal 6 0 Turbo Pascal 6 0 在1990年10月发布,带来了更多的改进和增强功能,售价为149 95美元,如果从早期版本升级则只需69 95美元。此外,还提供了一个“专业版”,该版本包含Turbo Drive(用于在扩展内存(XMS)中编译大型应用程序)、Turbo Debugger 2 0、Turbo Profiler 2 0
  • 如何评价RTX2080Ti 22G魔改版? - 知乎
    ⚠️从CUDA 12 8开始,英伟达官方不再对maxwell(cc 5 2 5 3)、pascal(cc 6 0 6 1)、volta(cc 7 0) 提供更新,驱动还可以正常安装,加速卡也可以正常使用,但它们被标记为过时架构,选择时需要评估。 补充一个近期跑的测试。





中文字典-英文字典  2005-2009