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  • Naming Complex Substituents — Organic Chemistry Tutor
    This also gives it precedence over the complex substituent for the numbering preferences since we don’t have the more substituted atom in this cycle So, the name for this compound is 1-ethyl-3-(1-methylbutyl)cyclohexane Notice how we enclosed the complex substituent in the parentheses Also, notice the punctuation
  • Nomenclature of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes — Organic Chemistry Tutor
    A 4-carbon substituent chain has even more variations We have a normal butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, and sec-butyl “Tert” stand for tertiary and “sec” stands for secondary BTW, when you’re typing the names, the “sec” and “tert” must be italicized And guess what? You have to memorize those names as well These are the common
  • Birch Reduction — Organic Chemistry Tutor
    Substituent Effects in the Birch Reduction Let’s take anisole as an example, which has a methoxy group on the aromatic ring In this case, we could get two possible products, but spoiler alert—it’s going to be the second option Let’s walk through the mechanism to understand why
  • Directing Effects in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions . . .
    In this tutorial, I want to talk about the directing effects in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions
  • Nomenclature of Alkenes and Cycloalkenes — Organic Chemistry Tutor
    For cyclic compounds, choose the carbon of the C=C that leads to the shortest route to the next substituent or double bond Fun Fact: The numbering system in organic nomenclature was designed for clarity and consistency, ensuring scientists across the globe speak the same ‘chemical language’ Breaking Ties in Numbering
  • CIP Rules and R S Stereodescriptors - Organic Chemistry Tutor
    For the simplicity of the representation, we can put the electron pair on a “bond” as if it is a substituent of its own Now, we can assign our priorities The electron pair has the lowest possible priority This means that it is even lower in priority than a hydrogen atom
  • Axial Leaving Group Reactivity — Organic Chemistry Tutor
    Organic Chemistry Substitution and Elimination Reactions Axial Leaving Group Reactivity In this tutorial, we’ll explore how to analyze chair conformations to predict the outcomes of common organic reactions, such as SN2 and E2 Using a typical exam question as our starting point, we’ll examine how the positioning of substituents in six-membered rings—specifically in axial or
  • Intramolecular Aldol Condensation — Organic Chemistry Tutor
    Intramolecular aldol condensation is a tricky topic In this tutorial I'll walk you through several examples and show you how to tackle them!
  • Conformational Analysis — Organic Chemistry Tutor
    Add the substituent groups, indicating their positions as axial or equatorial Step 2: Finding the Most Stable Conformation Look for the conformation where the bulkiest groups are equatorial Generally speaking, you want to have as many bulky groups in the equatorial positions as possible





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