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  • Halitosis - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice
    Halitosis is a general term used to describe any disagreeable odour of expired air from the mouth [1] [2] Mild transient halitosis is usually caused by release of volatile odorous compounds from bacteria colonising oral surfaces A more persistent form of halitosis is associated with certain oral, respiratory, and gastrointestinal disease that triggers local accumulation of bacteria Odorous
  • Halitosis - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US
    Halitosis is a general term used to describe any disagreeable odor of expired air from the mouth [1] [2] Mild transient halitosis is usually caused by release of volatile odorous compounds from bacteria colonizing oral surfaces A more persistent form of halitosis is associated with certain oral, respiratory, and gastrointestinal disease that triggers local accumulation of bacteria Odorous
  • Sintomas, diagnóstico e tratamento - BMJ Best Practice
    Halitose é um termo genérico usado para descrever qualquer odor desagradável no ar expirado pela boca [1] [2] A halitose transitória leve geralmente é causada pela liberação de compostos voláteis de enxofre por bactérias que colonizam as superfícies orais Uma forma mais persistente de halitose está associada a certas doenças orais, respiratórias e gastrointestinais que
  • Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease - BMJ Best Practice
    Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a clinical diagnosis The classic symptoms are heartburn and regurgitation A therapeutic trial of a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) can serve for both diagnosis and initial treatment Upper endoscopy is indicated to evaluate for complications; for atypical
  • Halitosis - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice
    Halitosis describes any disagreeable odour of expired air from the mouth In most cases, it arises from the presence of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), diamines, and short-chain fatty acids in the exhaled air It is more likely to occur in individuals with oral, dental, and nasopharyngeal disea
  • Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment - BMJ Best Practice
    Sialadenitis denotes inflammation and swelling of the parotid, submandibular, sublingual, or minor salivary glands Aetiology includes bacterial or viral infection, obstruction, radiotherapy damage, or autoimmune causes Acute bacterial sialadenitis is characterised by rapid onset of pain and swelling In contrast, chronic sialadenitis is characterised by intermittent, recurrent episodes of
  • Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment - BMJ Best Practice
    Other diagnostic factors halitosis redness, swelling, and puffy gingiva pseudomembrane formation cervical lymphadenopathy fever malaise pain
  • Fissured, hairy, and geographic tongue - BMJ Best Practice
    Other diagnostic factors halitosis (hairy tongue and fissured tongue) bad taste in mouth (hairy tongue) discoloration (hairy tongue and fissured tongue) burning sensation (geographic tongue) oral mucosal pain (hairy tongue)
  • Differential diagnosis of symptoms - BMJ Best Practice
    Haemoptysis is the coughing of blood from a source below the glottis It can range from a small amount of blood-streaked sputum to massive bleeding with life-threatening consequences due to airway obstruction, hypoxaemia, and haemodynamic instability In a study of patients in primary care, t
  • Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment - BMJ Best Practice
    A dental abscess is the final product of an inflammatory process, a suppurative collection associated with the structures surrounding the teeth It is a type of odontogenic infection (i e , an infection that originates within a tooth) An abscess may remain localised (damaging only the adjacent tissues) or it may develop into a diffuse cellulitis, which can lead to the development of





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