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philosophy    音标拼音: [fəl'ɑsəfi]
n. 哲学,人生观,原理

哲学,人生观,原理

philosophy
哲理

philosophy
n 1: a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative
by some group or school [synonym: {doctrine}, {philosophy},
{philosophical system}, {school of thought}, {ism}]
2: the rational investigation of questions about existence and
knowledge and ethics
3: any personal belief about how to live or how to deal with a
situation; "self-indulgence was his only philosophy"; "my
father's philosophy of child-rearing was to let mother do it"

Philosophy \Phi*los"o*phy\ (f[i^]*l[o^]s"[-o]*f[y^]), n.; pl.
{Philosophies} (f[i^]*l[o^]s"[-o]*f[i^]z). [OE. philosophie,
F. philosophie, L. philosophia, from Gr. filosofi`a. See
{Philosopher}.]
1. Literally, the love of, inducing the search after, wisdom;
in actual usage, the knowledge of phenomena as explained
by, and resolved into, causes and reasons, powers and
laws.
[1913 Webster]

Note: When applied to any particular department of knowledge,
philosophy denotes the general laws or principles under
which all the subordinate phenomena or facts relating
to that subject are comprehended. Thus philosophy, when
applied to God and the divine government, is called
theology; when applied to material objects, it is
called physics; when it treats of man, it is called
anthropology and psychology, with which are connected
logic and ethics; when it treats of the necessary
conceptions and relations by which philosophy is
possible, it is called metaphysics.
[1913 Webster]

Note: "Philosophy has been defined: -- the science of things
divine and human, and the causes in which they are
contained; -- the science of effects by their causes;
-- the science of sufficient reasons; -- the science of
things possible, inasmuch as they are possible; -- the
science of things evidently deduced from first
principles; -- the science of truths sensible and
abstract; -- the application of reason to its
legitimate objects; -- the science of the relations of
all knowledge to the necessary ends of human reason; --
the science of the original form of the ego, or mental
self; -- the science of science; -- the science of the
absolute; -- the science of the absolute indifference
of the ideal and real." --Sir W. Hamilton.
[1913 Webster]

2. A particular philosophical system or theory; the
hypothesis by which particular phenomena are explained.
[1913 Webster]

[Books] of Aristotle and his philosophie. --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]

We shall in vain interpret their words by the
notions of our philosophy and the doctrines in our
school. --Locke.
[1913 Webster]

3. Practical wisdom; calmness of temper and judgment;
equanimity; fortitude; stoicism; as, to meet misfortune
with philosophy.
[1913 Webster]

Then had he spent all his philosophy. --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]

4. Reasoning; argumentation.
[1913 Webster]

Of good and evil much they argued then, . . .
Vain wisdom all, and false philosophy. --Milton.
[1913 Webster]

5. The course of sciences read in the schools. --Johnson.
[1913 Webster]

6. A treatise on philosophy.
[1913 Webster]

{Philosophy of the Academy}, that of Plato, who taught his
disciples in a grove in Athens called the Academy.

{Philosophy of the Garden}, that of Epicurus, who taught in a
garden in Athens.

{Philosophy of the Lyceum}, that of Aristotle, the founder of
the Peripatetic school, who delivered his lectures in the
Lyceum at Athens.

{Philosophy of the Porch}, that of Zeno and the Stoics; -- so
called because Zeno of Citium and his successors taught in
the porch of the Poicile, a great hall in Athens.
[1913 Webster]

220 Moby Thesaurus words for "philosophy":
Aristotelianism, Berkeleianism, Bradleianism,
Buddha-like composure, Cynicism, Cyrenaic hedonism, Cyrenaicism,
Epicureanism, Fichteanism, Hegelianism, Heideggerianism,
Heracliteanism, Herbartianism, Humism, Kantianism, Leibnizianism,
Marxism, Mimamsa, Neo-Hegelianism, Neo-Pythagoreanism,
Neoplatonism, Newtonian physics, Oriental calm, Peripateticism,
Platonism, Purva Mimamsa, Pyrrhonism, Pythagoreanism, Sankhya,
Schellingism, Scotism, Socratism, Sophism, Sophistry,
Spencerianism, Stoicism, Thomism, Weltanschauung, acosmism,
acoustics, aerophysics, aesthetics, agnosticism, animalism,
animatism, animism, aplomb, applied physics, astrophysics, atomism,
attitude, basic conductor physics, biophysics, body of ideas,
calm disposition, calm of mind, calmness, chemical physics,
composure, control, cool, coolheadedness, coolness, cosmotheism,
countenance, criticism, cryogenics, crystallography, cytophysics,
deduction, deductive reasoning, deism, demonstration,
dialectical materialism, discourse, discourse of reason,
discursive reason, dispassion, dualism, easy mind, eclecticism,
egoism, electron physics, electronics, electrophysics, empiricism,
epistemology, equanimity, ethics, ethos, eudaemonism,
existentialism, feeling, geophysics, hedonism, humanism,
hylomorphism, hylotheism, hylozoism, icy calm, idea, idealism,
ideology, immaterialism, imperturbability, imperturbation,
indisturbance, individualism, induction, inductive reasoning,
intuitionism, logic, logical thought, macrophysics, materialism,
mathematical physics, mechanics, mechanism, medicophysics,
mental composure, mentalism, metaphysics, microphysics, monism,
mysticism, natural philosophy, natural science, naturalism,
neocriticism, nominalism, notion, nuclear physics, ontologism,
ontology, opinion, optics, optimism, organic mechanism, organicism,
outlook, panpsychism, pantheism, patience, peace of mind,
peacefulness, pessimism, philosophic composure, philosophicalness,
physic, physical chemistry, physical science, physicalism,
physicism, physicochemistry, physicomathematics, physics,
placidity, pluralism, point of view, positivism, pragmaticism,
pragmatism, proof, psychism, psychological hedonism, psychophysics,
quiet, quiet mind, quietude, radiation physics, radionics,
ratiocination, rationalism, rationality, rationalization,
rationalizing, realism, reason, reasonableness, reasoning,
resignation, restraint, sang-froid, sangfroid, secular humanism,
self-control, self-possession, semiotic, semiotics, sensationalism,
sentiment, serenity, skepticism, solar physics,
solid-state physics, soothingness, sophistry, specious reasoning,
statics, stereophysics, stoicism, substantialism, sweet reason,
syncretism, system of ideas, system of theories, tenets, theism,
theoretical physics, thermodynamics, thinking, thoughtfulness,
tranquillity, transcendentalism, unruffledness, utilitarianism,
viewpoint, voluntarism, world view, zoophysics



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  • Philosophy - Wikipedia
    Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language It is a rational and critical inquiry that reflects on its methods and assumptions
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  • What is Philosophy?
    Philosophy is a way of thinking about certain subjects such as ethics, thought, existence, time, meaning and value That 'way of thinking' involves 4 Rs: responsiveness, reflection, reason and re-evaluation The aim is to deepen understanding
  • Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
    The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy organizes scholars from around the world in philosophy and related disciplines to create and maintain an up-to-date reference work
  • What is Philosophy? Definition, How it Works, and 4 Core Branches
    Your quick guide to exactly what philosophy is, how philosophers make progress, as well as the subject’s four core branches
  • Outline of philosophy - Wikipedia
    Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language [1][2] It is distinguished from other ways of addressing fundamental questions (such as mysticism, myth) by being critical and generally systematic and by its reliance on rational argument [3]
  • Philosophy - World History Encyclopedia
    The word Philosophy is Greek for "the love of wisdom" and is defined as the study of the most basic and profound aspects of human existence including the meaning of life When did philosophy begin? The origin of philosophy is debated but was already established in Mesopotamia by c 2150 BCE
  • What is Philosophy? The Basics of Philosophy
    At its simplest, philosophy (from the Greek or philosophia, meaning "the love of wisdom") is the study of knowledge, or "thinking about thinking", although the breadth of what it covers is perhaps best illustrated by a selection of other alternative definitions:
  • What is Philosophy? | Department of Philosophy - University of Pennsylvania
    What is Philosophy? Philosophy is a disciplined way of framing and seeking answers to questions of important human concern It seeks to illuminate fundamental aspects of the world (metaphysics), of our relation to and knowledge of it (epistemology, philosophy of mind), and of our own nature as rational, purposive, and social beings (ethics





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